See the Truth, Perceive the Lie Essay Example for Free

See the Truth, Perceive the Lie EssayNietzsche explains personality as an overall relative to compassionates he proposes a potent and significant explanation of the development of style and the realization of patterns. He achieves this by exploiting the successive personal effects on human awareness. He suggests that originally globe were an artistically creating subject as he puts it. Whose essential human determination is the construction of allegorys? Due to evolution, universe developed a capacity to reason, distrust, remember, and control.Humans were driven by instincts which established themselves directly into imaginative sounds, gestures and metaphors. Humans thereof signify the motivation, which ultimately develops into the base of phrase. As a result, humans manipulate this metaphor of lowstanding a stimulus, which may well vary from one to another as it is totally subjective. The ossification of language begins, these instinctual sounds are combined and expand ed throughout a community, and arise to turn into ordered and solid words which in sequence combine into a increasingly established language.In such manner, language turns into an unyielding, sum of common notions, perceptions, and ideas. Now, as soon as the reader gets comfortable with Nietzsches view of language. Everything changes, language arbitrates amongst the human perception and the reality being sensed, this transition happens when he explains that, in order for us to further study the development of concepts.We need consider that every concept arises from the equation of unequal things which he considers cases which are never equal and thus altogether unequal, in other words, every word immediately becomes a concept exactly to the extent that it is not intended to function as a reminder of the sole and fully soul unique experience to which it owes its writer except it would be better to say, a word converts into a concept in that it all together has to fit a myriad mor e or less related cases, in which situation if I consider only the boundaries proposed by Nietzsche, I conclude in harmonizing with his point of view.In addition to constructing language, humans likewise form concepts for everything they come across. Nietzsche describes that concepts are groupings wherein the mind unconsciously collects analogous matters into, despite the fact that actually, each person is sole and individualized. Nietzsche gives the example Just as it is received that one leaf is never totally the same as another, so it is certain that the concept leaf is formed by arbitrarily dis cable carding these individual differences and by forgetting the distinguishing aspects.Wherein one comprehends a leaf, were many have ever been alike who have similar physiognomies thus we classify each one as a leaf. This in my opinion is tremendously subjective as he proves it. Consider the Platonic realism, or even, in metaphysics, a universal. Where it is explained what particular t hings have in common, namely characteristics or qualities by Plato these are inherit to our existence and just scaled to what is grasped. But for Nietzsche, humans clutch everything in order to have a certain kind of organization and case inside their personal environment, crafting yet an additional sense of integrity.In distinction to the unexpected, unsettled realm of sense, in Nietzsches view, the anatomical structure of ideas exhibits solid uniformity and breathes out in reason the power and coolness which characterizes mathematics. As Nietzsche declares, no one who has sensed this calm gasp of reason bequeath scantily be certain that even the concept that is as bony, foursquare, and transposable as a die is nonetheless just the residue of a metaphor , and that the impression which is involved in the creative conversion of a nerve stimulus into images, is the foundation of every single concept.But in this sense truth means never violating the order of caste and class rank. T his relation of math, logic, and reason with truth is the only case were I wholly come to an contract with Nietzsche, and wish to point out the importance, especially of math, as a tool used to understand the surrounding world. Nietzsche reasons that concepts do not occur in nature for the reason that each solitary creature and object is individualized and sole in one way or another and as a result, cannot be considered an additional foundation of truth.Essentially, Nietzsche trusts that we ought to take every incentive and consider it according to its distinct features as an deepennative of grouping them into concepts. The conceptual order is stratified by a pyramidal order according to castes and degrees, the creation of a new world of laws, privileges, subordinations, and clearly marked boundaries. The conceptual direction challenges humanity as more dense, more general, better recognized, a new world.This new world as Nietzsche describes seeks a new realm and another channel f or its activity, and it finds this in romance and in art generally. This determination constantly puzzles the conceptual categories and groups by bringing onward new changes, metaphors, and metonymies. It persistently shows a passionate need to alter the world which presents itself to humans, so that it will remain as colorful, irregular, lacking in results and coherence, charming, and eternally new as the world of dreams.But there is one enlarge left unnoticed by Nietzsche. The tendency of humans to rule over ones kind. Governments, religions, all bring forth ranks, classes, castes. Every human under such parent, directly or indirectly is never able to freely sense truth in its most accessible form so to phase upon it, which results in the imprisonment and trickery forced upon such humans into building up on virtual, man-made truths. Nietzsche considers this environment of fixed concepts is in need of an insolent, inventive reply.But man has an invincible inclination to allow hi mself to be deceived D and is, as it were, enchanted with happiness when the rhapsodist tells i him epic fables as if they were certain, or when the proletarian in the theater acts more royally than any real king. So long as it is able to deceive without injuring, that master of deception, the intellect, is free it is released from its former slavery and celebrates its Saturnalia. he endorses an existential valor that declines the power of the conceptual order, its sanctions and embargos, and its inevitabilities.This transition is one from sanction to character. The artistic determination is not strictly defeated but hardly restrained. In other words, this enormous charter and laying of concepts to which the penurious man grips his entire existence so that he may reserve himself is but a framework and puppetry for the most daring acts of the freethinking intellect. In a few words, I myself do not completely agree with Nietzsche on the matter of language and concepts.If for examp le we take into consideration any other intelligent species on our planet besides humans, we can clearly note that a form of conversation exists between them, and furthermore there exist a primitive form of conceptualization. If for example dogs are considered, it is evident that dogs are clearly able to communicate with each other, even with humans at some degree this could be a form of language (for them). Again dogs, can obviously distinguish a car from a human, they can even tell apart humans from one to another as a dog will not attack his owner, or even the owners friends and family, when guarding the house.In my opinion this demonstrates how it is natural to manifest language and concepts, which shows that it is natures choice to be projected to us in such manner. Nietzsches sole target, in my understanding, is to demonstrate that language, concepts, truths, and lies are all unreal, just a view, since humans were the ones who fashioned language and in sequence, concepts, whi ch in Nietzsches opinion do not truly exist in nature. Instead, we use it to sort and organize our own surroundings while using it as a way to uphold with other humans.But if we really wish to be so subjective about our surroundings then even Nietzsche is wrong. If we really aim to judge what is true and what is not, then we should consider a higher form of perception, our brain itself. We see through our eyes, but are these images the actual view of this world? We hear with our ears, but are these sounds really there? We smell with our nose, but is this the actual scent? We feel when we touch, but is there really something there?

Book Reporter of Swim the Fly Essay Example for Free

Book Reporter of Swim the Fly EssayTheir plan failed because Matt almost got recognized by Kelly in the young ladys changing get on. However, Kelly and her best friends Valerie started to pay attention to Matt because his brave move of volunteering in the 100-m scarcelyterfly (or his appearance in the girls changing room? ). Ms. Luntz (their swimming couch) put Matt, a poor guy who cant even manage a single lap, in the butterfly miscellany pass on without even asking Matt. Sean and Coop came up with an idea to pretend having a stomachache in order to avoid the embarrassment. Matts grandpa send a kitten to Mrs. Hoogenboom in order to get her attention which turned out Mrs. Hoogenboom almost found out he is the one who tried to suffocate the cat. Relate T-S connection I also have friends like Sean and Coop in my life that can not only have fun with but also share sadness with. T-T connection Matt volunteered for the 100-m butterfly stroke championships so Ms. Luntz figured he wouldnt mind doing another butterfly medley relay.However, Matt couldnt even do one stroke and werent capable of swimming the fly. T-W connection I saw a movie called American Pie which described similar situation in this book, a few guys fall in love with the hottest girls in their school and manage to date them out. Reflect at that place are always some friends in your life who always make fun of you yet you never get angry with them. It is normal in the westerly culture for an old man to impress a widow who has just lost her husband? It is kind of unacceptable for me.This part of the book is the rising accomplish because they hadnt achieved their goal yet. The narrator is 1st person which is Matt himself. How does Matts grandpas relationship with Mrs. Hoogenboom relate to the story? Why did the indite even mention it? Always be prepared, so when the opportunity comes you will be the one grabs it. ( If Matt can do butterfly stoke tumesce enough, he will be able to join not o nly the medley relay but also the championships in order to impress the girl he likes. )

Personal Beliefs and homosexuality Essay Example for Free

Personal Beliefs and quirkiness EssayHomosexuality can be defined as a sexual doings or the attraction of people within the same sex. It is a distinguished aspect of sexuality including gender identity,social gender single-valued function and biological sex. It is a collective term reffering to twain lesbians and festive men. It has been argued that the controvert perception by heterosexuals to transgendereds is because they argon a threat to the hostelry. This is because homosexuals watch violated the traditional sex role structure. over the years we gestate witnessed battles as to whether equal rights and protection against discrimination should be extended to homosexuals. The conflict is between two dictates should espousals be restricted to superstar man unity woman? Or should adults committed in relationships regardless of their sexual orientation be anyowed to enter civil unions? It catches my attention but with no surprise either that many Americans are den ying alert men and lesbians access to their living a happy life and access to marriage. I believe that marriage is a union of love and not gender. And this is simply because a marriage union is defined by love and not hatred. Just as one and only(a) does not choose to be male or female so is homosexuality.It should not be seen as an illness. And no one whatsoever should consider it as an illness and hence ashamed of being a homosexual. In American for example their exists certain someoneal beliefs about homosexuality. few Americans consider homosexuality a crime and those practicing the act should be arrested. Others believe that it is provided a condition that one is addicted to and can be corrected. Still others believe that homosexuality is just a neutral trait, like one being left handed it is very normal and neutral.In my paper I leave alone discuss or so of these beliefs in support of my thesis question should in the flesh(predicate) beliefs of everyone in America affe ct the rights of homosexual people to living happy lives and access to marriage? The war Theologians and scientists often have minimal conflicts within themselves. This is because none of the larger group is interested in the field of the other. When it comes to homosexuality it raises brows of both break awayies. This is a major firmament that has seen both theologians and scientists promoting their own beliefs in. fit in to scientists an adults human sexuality comes in three different orientations. These orientations are completely normal and interchangeable. No one chooses any of the orientations. One is heterosexuality w present one is sexually attracted to a member of the opposite sex. Two is homosexuality where an individual is attracted to members of the same sex. And three is bisexuality where we have a smaller minority who are attracted to both men and women. Religion claims that homosexuality is mentioned in both the Bible and the Quran. Hence it is a melodic theme o f major study by theologians.There exist two groups of religiou0s beliefs. One is by religious conservatives who believe that there is freedom of error of the playscript. According to their biblical recitation of the bible, homosexuality is completely an abnormal, chosen and unnatural behavior that can be changed. Another group referred to as religious liberals take the bible as a historical book. They consider the scientists explanations about sexual orientations and they believe that just as heterosexuality homosexuality is normal, unchosen and natural sexual orientation.The above passage gives two definitions of homosexuality. According to religious conservatives, homosexuality is what a person does. According to Scientists it is one of the three sexual orientations. Public beliefs sexuality biliefs The gender bilief system is defined as a set of biliefs and views about qualities of masculinity and feminity about males and females respectively. People tend to respond to others by assuming that what is masculine is not feminine and vise versa. Another performer included in this set of beliefs is the different roles of different sexes.These are some of the traditional patterns of defined gender roles,therefore a different perception is percieved to those who violate these patterns including homosexuals. A common judgement is faced by men who posses feminine characteristics(gay) and women having masculine characteristics(lesbian). They people are always viewed negatively by the hostelry. This bilief therefore h obsolescents that heterosexuals dislike both gay men and lesbians because they are stereotipically having crossed gender characteristics ,traits, and roles. This bilief tends to hold overmuch to the traditional roles of male and females.But it is evident that this bilief is outdated and becomes unreliable because times have changed and the current society believes in freedom. Freedom to choose what kind of life to lead. It is not necessary that a man feminine is gay or a female masculine is a lesbian. Hence it is a bit difficult to judge an individual according to the sex characteristics he or she displays in his or her style of living. Religious biliefs Religion is different in different societies. Christians for example argue that the bible forbids homosexuality.But in christianity there has emerged different denominations that interpret the bible differently. Different religions have heard different views on both sexual relations and love amongst people of the same sex. Within the Muslim community homosexuality is prohibited. Infact it is cited in the Quran the abominable act of the people of Lof,who are cognise as Sodomites who were destroyed because of their engagement in illegal sexual offences. However,some liberal muslims e. g the Al Fatiha Foundation regard homosexuality as absolutely normal.They argue that the Al Quran speaks against homosexual lust but it is silent about homosexual love . The Anglican communion r eceived discord that saw a rift between the African exceptb south Africa and Anglican churches from Asia on one hand and American churches on the other hand when Canadian and American churches ordained a clergy and started blessing same sex marriages. Other churches e. g the Methodist church experienced trials from a gay clergy who some argued was a against religious principles and there were mixed verdicts that depended on Geography.These religional beliefs about homosexuals affect the different perceptions about homosexuality by different people. Some religiouis groups e. g the Hellenics view the aspect of some forms of homosexuality as sacred. Some groups e. g the Abrahamic forbid the relationship. The opposition to homosexual behaviour by religuious sectors range from piano displaying homosexual activities and displays to explicitly forbiding same sexual practices and opposing acceptance of homosexuals. The support of homosexuals can be seen reflected in religion by the accepta nce of individuals who are sexually heterodox in church functions.There has also been a manifestation of same sex union. Religious reasons have partly played a role in changing some gay men and lesbians. They seek to change by dint of religious practice and faith. A recentb survey explains the analysis oof 882 homosexduals who underwent a convrsion therapy. 22. 9 percent of the attendance did not undergo any changes,some change was seen from 42. 7 percent and a 34. 3 percent showd much change. With time relgion has accepted gay men and women in their congregations. For instance in the later 20th century there was no limit to secular institutions.A larger branch of Judaism known as the Reform Judaism that is outside Israel began to facilitate gay marriages. Religious beliefs do not change the way of life of hoosexuals. I think a person should not be instructed on which religion to follow. This is because,as I have discussed above,within the religious groups there is divisions meanin g no one cxonclusion has been agreed upon by thelarger group. This also substance that interpretation of the bible or Quran is different amongst different people. Therefore no one at any one point should decide how one is qualifying to lead his or her life.It is a personal decision either to be or not tyo be homosexual. The polls Homosexuality is considered as one of the major topics of concern in America and especially North America it has been under debate for several times. The debate is between religious conservatives and supporters for equal rights to homosexuals and bisexuals. I will discuss some f the public views in relation to rights of homosexuality. It is a point to note that with time there has been a rapid change in America in regard to uprightness in interracial marriages.I feel it is only logical to embrace change and accept homosexuals as part of our society and stop judging them negatively. Currently sex marriages are acceptable to those residing in the Netherlan ds. Dutch righteousness strivers decided to rewrite the laws so that gay people and lesbians were accommodated therein. They are accepted top marry and enjoy all rights and privileges of married people. By mid 2004 the Canadian government received orders from courts on arrangements to offer civil unions amongst homosexuals. In 2001 there was a U. S poll that was conducted in high school seniors.From the research it was clear that a majority had support for equal rights for both lesbians and gay men. This support was at a remarkable higher level than their parents on homosexuality. However in North America there was much opposition on the legality of equal rights to homosexuals. The general public belief is that special rights that were reserved for heterosexuals and whether to extend or deny the same top homosexuals should be determined through polls. According to me this belief is really dangerous because, if the state will deny the minority some rights then it follows that we are not really safe here in America.And since every member of this society is a member of a certain minority then it beats logic to deny them rights. Morality and legality Many individuals here in States still regard homosexuality as immoral and illegal. Homosexuals are discriminated in the work place and sometimes even by the society. Conservative Christians still regard homosexuality as sinful and an acceptable behavior. It is perfectly moral if sexual behavior is non-manipulative, safe and consensual and above all between two people who love and care about each other and are in a committed relationship.Just as heterosexuals homosexuals never choose to be what they are. It is therefore illegal to discriminate this social group that is part of our society. They are supposed to be treated equally and fairly. Equality Homosexuals wait in our society. Since it is only normal to be a homosexual. And since several religious groups accept the laws governing homosexuals in the work place, t here is no point of discerning against them in the society. They should be given equal rights and access to civil unions since they are in no crime caring and loving each other.It will be unfair to deny them these rights because they are among the three sexual orientations and they are not acting homosexuals but were born so. Liberation Every member of a society needs liberal position. When two individuals are in love and are committed to one another they deserve self-direction. It is only fair to accord homosexuals liberty and freedom to express their love to one another since they are responding(part of the three sexual orientations) to nature and doing no one harm. Conclusion Research shows that there is much and widespread prejudice against homosexuals.The society still views homosexuals as immoral people. Further research by Berril in 1992 and DAugelli ion 1989 in the American society shows that negative attitude towards homosexuals are often acted on through physical and ver bal aggression. In the research by DAugelli,50 percent of homosexual students repoorted that they have overheard bad comments,that verbal insults were experienced by 26 percent of the gay and lesbian population,26 percent were threatened through physical assault and 23 percent give tongue to they were victims of assault.I choose this topic because it is realy fascinating that traditionally like in the olden Greek there existed homosexuals but it did not take a society notice. Traditionally,marriage was percieved as a sacred matrimony between man and wife. The core purpose of marriage was children. And therefore ,traditionally marriage without siring children is meaningless. Recently homosexuality has become a central topic of discussion. The society and the world at large has received many rail lines of whether to or not to legalize gay relationships.It is with the many challenges thjat face this topic that I decided to have a wider look on this topic. The gender set of biliefs i s a rampant view among many individuals. It has an impact amongst men and women. Gender is seen in the society as one of the major stable constructs. Those having an aspect of a particular gender are supposed to have characters of that particular gender. This beliefs make the society have different junjements on men feminines and women masculines as gay and lesbians respectively. This is among the stereotype biliefs and as I have explained before it is a biased bilief. everyplace time we have seen religion adjusting abit and some religious groups are accepting homosexuals in their congregation and even go as far as union gay partners. Religions have broken up into denminations where others are supporting homosexual relationships and others do not. The traditional aspect of marriage is totally different now from the old perspective. From the above discussed beliefs it is clear that homosexuality is still percieved negatively by the society. Over time the law has tried to come in bet ween to ammend a law that may govern such relationships.Most people still argue that there is freedom of choice and therefore do not agree in the ammendment of a law to abolish gay relationships. To the homosexuals who choose to remain in their relationships it is a choice. There is no particular law that forbids one from establishing a homosexual relationship and at the same time there is freedom of worship. This does not bind one into following a particular relationship in as much as most religions regard it a sin to have a relationship with a same sexual fellow but my argument is that a sin is sin.And therefore if one chooses to be or not to be a homosexual is personal. Who cares what the society is going to have what perception with your personality. I therefore conclude by saying that this research is not realy giving a solution as to whether gay or homosexual relations should be stoped but rather embraces the fact that every social being has freedom of choice of what to do wit h his or her social life. I have explained some of the personal beliefs and noted that both are personal decisions and therefore no one is to judge the other on what life to lead.

Improving the Accuracy of Arabic DC System

Improving the Accuracy of Arabic DC SystemThe main goal of this explore is to ask and to develop the appropriate text collections, tools and procedures for Arabic scroll sort. The following specific objectives piss been set to achieve the main goalTo investigate the impact of pre butt oning tasks including normalization, stop sacred scripture removal, and stemming in up the truth of Arabic DC system.To introduce a novel technique for Arabic stemming in order to modify the accuracy of the text file potpourri system. The new algorithmic program for Arabic stemming tries to overcome the deficiencies in state-of-the-art Arabic stemming techniques and dealing with MWEs, foreign Arabized language and handling the majority of broken plural form forms to reduce them into their singular form.To handling Arabic text summarization technique as suffer reduction technique to eliminate the noise on the documents and select the most salient sentences to nominate the original document s.To explore the impact of different feature selection techniques on the accuracy of Arabic document classification and nominates and implements a new variant of confines Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) weighting methods that take into account the Copernican of the first appearance of a word and the compactness of the word which fecal matter be taken as factors that determine the important features in the document.To implement various classifiers and compares their performances.1.1.Problem StatementDespite the achievements in document classification, the performance of document classification systems is far from satisfactory. document classification tasks are characterized by natural addresss. This means DC is closely related to natural language processing (NLP) which require friendship of its subject matter. In general NL reveals many of syntactic and semantic ambiguities beside the complexities 45. In the context of DC, a researcher tries to address various prob lems arising from characteristics of documents in the process of feature extraction and feature representation or problems emanating from the classification algorithms. The following sections provide ideas on research problems.1.1.1. Preprocessing Text ProblemThe preprocessing stage is a challenge and affects positively or negatively on the performance of any DC system. Therefore, the improvement of the preprocessing stage for highly inflected language such as the Arabic language will enhance the skill and accuracy of the Arabic DC system. In spite of the lack of standard Arabic morphological analysis tools most of the preceding(prenominal) studies on Arabic DC have proposed the use of preprocessing tasks to reduce the dimensionality of feature vectors without comprehensively examining their contribution in promoting the effectiveness of the DC system. One of the challenges facing the researchers in Arabic document classification systems is the absence of a strong and an effective stemming algorithm. Arabic is morphologically a complex language 46, it uses both kinds of morphologies inflectional and derivational morphologies. Based on these types of morphology, a single word whitethorn yield hundreds or even thousands of variant forms 47. The importance of employ the stemming technique in the documents classification lies in that it makes the processes less dependent on particular forms of words and reduces the highly dimensionality of the feature space, which, in turn, enhance the performance of the classification system. In spite of the quick research conducted in other languages, Arabic language still suffers from the shortages of researchers and development. The state-of-the-art Arabic stemmers suffer from high stemming error-rates due to its understemming errors, overstemming errors, ignored the handling of multiword expressions (MWEs), broken plural forms, and Arabized words. Therefore, the limitations of the current Arabic stemming methods have moti vated this author to investigate a novel technique for Arabic stemming to be used in the extraction of the word roots of Arabic language in order to improve the accuracy of the document classification system in chapter 5.1.1.2. Highly Dimensionality of the Feature Spacehighly high dimensional features paces and large volumes of data problems occur in automatic document classification. High dimensionality problems arise because the number of features used in the classification process increases along with dimensionality of the feature vectors13, 15, 48, 49. Practical examples show that the number of features consisting the dimensionality could amount to thousands.A large number of features are irrelevant to the classification task and can be removed without affecting the classification accuracy for several reasons First, the performance of some classification algorithms is negatively affected when dealing with a high dimensionality of features. Second, an over-fitting problem may oc cur when the classification algorithm is trained in all features. Finally, some features are common and occur in all or most of the categories 50.In order to solve this problem, the feature vector dimensionality is required to be reduced without degradation of classification performance. It was important to extract the features with high discriminating power using various techniques. Text summarization, feature selection and feature weighting are common techniques and methods that are used in document classification to reduce the highly dimensionality of the feature space and to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the classification system. The term frequency (TF) weighted by inverse document frequency (IDF) which is abbreviated as TFIDF can partially solve the problem of variation in content and length in the documents but it cannot solve the problem of the distribution of the important words within the document. In general, the document is written in an organized manner to desc ribe its main matter(s). For example, the main topic for news articles may mentions at the surname and the first part of the document to draw the attention of the reader. Therefore, depending on the location, the document parts may have different degrees of contribution to the documents main topic(s) 51. In this thesis, we propose new feature weighting methods that treat the problem of the distribution of the important words within the document in chapter 6.In order to satisfy the objectives give tongue to in this research, the research questions of this study can be summarized asWhat are the impact of text preprocessing techniques such as normalization, stop word removal, and stemming in improving the performance of Arabic DC system? What are the available Arabic text preprocessing methods to be implemented in this research? What are their advantages and disadvantages? How to compare and improve their performance in order to improve the accuracy of the Arabic documents classific ation system?What are the Impact of feature reduction techniques on Arabic document classification? How to overcome the problem of the highly dimensionality of the feature space and the difficulty of selecting the important features for understanding the document?Which classification algorithms have the best performance when use on different representations of Arabic dataset?1.2.Research ContributionThis research focuses on exploring different preprocessing techniques, dimensionality reduction techniques and investigating their effect on Arabic document classification performance. more specifically, the main contributions of this thesis are as followsDemonstrate that using preprocessing task such as normalization, stop word removal, and stemming for Arabic datasets have a world-shattering impact on the classification accuracy, especially with complicated morphological structure of the Arabic language. Furthermore, we demonstrate that choosing appropriate combinations of preprocess ing tasks provides significant improvement on the accuracy of document classification depending on the feature size and classification techniques.In this thesis, we propose a novel stemmer for Arabic documents classification. The proposed stemmer attempts to overcome the weaknesses of root-based stemming technique and silly stemming technique, in addition to dealing with the majority of broken plural forms, MWEs, and foreign Arabized words. We compare the proposed stemmer with the well-known Arabic stemmers, including root-base stemming (Khoja stemmer) and light stemming (Larkey stemmer), to study its contribution in improving the classification system. The comparison is carried out for different datasets, classification techniques, and performance measures.Demonstrate that using document summarization technique help to improve the efficiency of Arabic document classification by reducing the highly dimensionality of the feature space without affecting the value or content of docume nts, then saving the repositing space and execution time for documents classification process.In this thesis, we investigate the impact of different feature selection techniques, namely, Information gain (IG), Goh and Low (NGL) coefficients, Chi-square Testing (CHI), and Galavotti-Sebastiani-Simi Coefficient (GSS) that have a significant impact on reducing the dimensionality of feature space and thus improve the performance of Arabic document classification system.In this thesis, we investigate the impact of feature representation schemas on the accuracy of Arabic document classification. The document usually consists of several parts and the important features that more closely associated with the topic of the document are appearing in the first parts or repeated in several parts of the document. Therefore, the proposed weighting methods take into account the important of the first appearance of a word and the compactness of the word which can be taken as factors that determine th e important features in the document.Unfortunately, there is no free benchmarking dataset for Arabic documents classification. One of the aims of this research is to compile dataset for Arabic documents classification that cover different text genres which will be used in this research and can be used in the future as a benchmark for computation linguistics researches including text mining, information retrieval. The dataset collected from several publish papers for Arabic document classification and from scanning the well-known and reputable Arabic websites. Compiling freely and publically available corpora is advancement step on the field of Arabic document classification.

Investigation of the cereal bar market

Investigation of the regimen grain measuring groceryThis article contains an investigation of food grain bar commercialise and gives a feasibility compensate at the end. At the beginning, backgrounds of Kellogg Company and texture bar securities industry are given. After this, it shows food grain bar is at the stage of maturity in a intersection point life cycle in the UK. And it did not performance well in latest two years. But in the worldwide, it still increases stable.Next, a wonk analysis and a PEST analysis have been d hotshot to analyse the market environment in china. According to the results of analysis, target market for caryopsis forbid in Chinese market has been chosen. The target market is young women from 15 to 35 in cities. The life style of these tidy sum just matches the request of cereal forbid.Additionally, the competition in China has analysed, at that place are around barriers of entering Chinese market indeed. However, there are some competi tive advantages of well-rounded cereal bars. At the end, a marketing strategy and a feasibility report have been made.2. merchandiseThe product I chose is cereal bar. The snack market is h corrodeedly competed these years. The most customers of cereal bars is adults. They eat cereal bars as a snack between meals. Compared to many other snake products, such(prenominal) as cakes, nuts and chocolate, the cereal bar market is still small indeed, that it grows rapidly .(Mintel, 2010)The reason why the market is still small is that it only deplumate a small group of customers, most of them are loyal customers. This industry has a increase of 29.6% from 2005 to 2009. (Mintel, 2010)The position that many disgraces choose for cereal bar is alimentary and natural. The competitors which choose the same position are other level-headed snacks such as nuts, fruits and fruit smoothies. All of these have steady growth because of the trend towards healthy diet. Cereal bar to the moment acc ords with this trend. But cereal bar has not been separate from a series of snake bars such as risquely processed bars and chocolate bars. Thus the healthy position has been influenced negatively by the other gamey sugar and fat snakes.Kellogg Company is a transnational company from Ameri nates founded in 1906. The main products of Kellogg are breakfast foods, snack foods, cookies, and crackers. It likewise manufactures ready-to-eat cereals and convenience foods including toaster pastries, cereal bars, fruit snacks and veggie foods. These products are produced in 19 countries and distribute in more than 180 countries all over the world. Kellogg achieved revenues of $12,822 million in 2008 which had an increase of 8.9% over last year.Kelloggs cereal products are a part of the Kelloggs crisscross, and are interchange mainly in the retail terminal such as supermarket and grocery. The company uses broker and distribution arrangements for certain products in less-developed market ar eas.(MarketLine, 2009)3. Situation Analysis in the UKIn 2008 and 2009 the interest in healthy eating have decrease. During this time, comfort eating appears to gain more popularity. However, a minority still insist on eating natural and healthy food, it could be an prospect for cereal bars. The cereal bars market for children has been affected because of advertising regulations and packed lunches at school as school classifying cereal bars as confectionery.(Mintel,2010) Therefore, the market of cereal bars is not so optimistic. Cereal bar in the UK is at the stage of maturity, because as shown in the Mintel 2010 the growth slows down from 2005 to 2009 although it still growing. The stage at which a products sales growth slows down is known as maturity.(Elizabeth,HTerry,O.S.,1996) Hence if the firm do not try to attract customers, there depart be no further net increase in the coat of the market.Kelloggs hold approximately one third of the cereal bars market. Combining with the share of United Biscuits it is up to nearly a half. (Mintel, 2010) For the market of Europe, it accounted for 20.4% as arrive revenues in 2008 which extend toed $2,619. It increased 11.1% than 2007. (MarketLine, 2009)The UK has a great market of snacks. As a kind of snack cereal bars are very popular. From the report, two thirds of adults who eat cereal bars and snacking has gained more prominence since 2007. Snacking is most popular among young group, at two third 15-24-year-olds, declining with age. More than half of the families which have children under cristal have snack between meals. These factors shows there are some potential markets in the UK. The users of cereal bars are generally holding a dogmatic view of the products, however only one fifth of them think it worth its value and less than half satisfied with it.But in the UK, the company didnt swear out well. The turnover has decreased from the GBP 138.065 in 2006 to the GBP 116.394 in 2008.The current ratio was 0.4 4 in 2008 and it has fallen from 0.48 in 2007. (Fame,2009)It may affect by tringent regulations and exposure to external permute risk. Overall, this industry still has wide prospect in worldwide.4. Market Environment in Chinaa) Application of ToolsSWOT analysisThe strengths of cereal bars are high recognition, innovation of products and strong financial support. Firstly, Kellogg is a successful international trademark, so it will be easy to popularize a new brand under it. Secondly, the company has innovation process so that it can guarantee the quality of its products and improve the formula to satisfy Chinese customers. Lastly, the company is lucrative, so it can give strong financial support to Chinese market.The weaknesses are the high price of the products and may do not accord with Chinese taste. Due to the high cost and import tax, the price of the products will be high than the other local brands. Additionally, Chinese passel have their own eating habit, they eat cerea l as a kind of main source to acquire energy and protein. Thus cereal is only eaten in meals but not between meals.The opportunity is peoples increasing awareness of the healthy diet. With the increase of income, people pay more attention to nutrition of food. The Chinese savory snacks market grew by 6.5% in 2008 to reach a value of $3 billion and it is image to have a value of $4 billion in2013, an increase of 30.7% since 2008(Marketline, 2009).The threats are stringent regulations in China and exposure to foreign exchange risk. Because some events of food occurred in China these years, the government strict checks import products quality. The exposure to foreign exchange risk is a risk that every company will face when they want to enter another country. (Salah, S.H. Roger, D.B., 1994)PEST analysisIn political, UK and China have a good relationship. Benefit from Hong Kong, the two countries trade more frequently. But China will check import food from UK strictly because the UK t reat import from China manage this. In economic, Chinas GDP has an average annual rate of 9.6% from 1979 to 2005 and the import grew by 17.6% to $660 billion in 2005(Wayne, M. M., 2006). In social, since China has a 5000-year history, the society and relationship are more complicated, so foreign companies will face difficulties to enter Chinese market. Last in technology, although technology is progressing rapidly in China, China still welcomes foreign companies introduce their advanced technology into China.b) Target MarketYoung children and young women are the mains consumer groups of snakes. The target market which I choose is young women from 15 to 35 in cities. Because young people in this age like to accept new things by the influence of western culture. Some 57% of adults say that there are not enough hours in the day to do everything they would like (Mintel, 2009), sometimes they do not have time to have meals. Eating cereal bars can they gained energy, vitamins and protein and girls will not worry about get fat choosing these. It is a byplay-to-consumer business that the cereal bars will be sold in retail terminals such as supermarket and convenient store.5. Competition in ChinaSince cereal bars can be seen as both a kind of snack and a kind of breakfast, it has direct and indirect competition. Here can use Porters Five Forces to explain it. Snacks market in China is passing scattered. The main buyers in China are independent retailers and they have strong buyer power. Because of the level of market players suppliers become disadvantage groups. Entering Chinese market means competing with other overseas companies and large local companies. As many players sell uniform product, competition is so fierce in such market environment. Every company wants a larger market share (Marketing, 2010).As to the cereal breakfast market, the market is fragmented too. There are three atomic number 82 companies which accounting 40% of the total market value. Cerea l Partners Worldwide controlled the breakfast cereals market in China. The predominant buyers are supermarkets and hypermarkets. The bigger the shop is, the more dicker power it will have. As there are many similar products it has to face the threat of substitutes. Many people still prefer Chinese conventional food. As the same as in the snack market, the speed growing market attract many new entrants (Marketing, 2009).The main competitors of snacks are PepsiCo and Calbee Foods. PepsiCo generated revenues of $43.2 billion in 2008, an increase of 9.6% over 2007. Calbee Foods generated revenues of $1.1 billion in 2009, an increase of 3.6% over 2008.The main competitors of cereal breakfast are Cereal Partners Worldwide (CPW), PepsiCo and Standard Food Corporation. CPW entered the Chinese breakfast cereals market in 2004. The company operates a manufacturing facility in the city of Tianjin. CPW markets its breakfast cereals in China under the brand Que Cao.(Marketing, 2009) Standard Fo ods operates its business in China through Shanghai Standard Foods Co., Ltd. The company is headquartered in Taiwan and has 2,388 employees. (Marketing, 2009)6. Competitive Advantage of all-around(prenominal)There are many strengths of cereal bar. Firstly, cereal bars are filled with high fibre, high protein, low fat and low cholesterol, which is a kind of well-balanced food. Comparing with some conventional Chinese food, such as deep-fried dough sticks, Chinese doughnut and spring roll, cereal bars are healthier that especially suitable to those people who want to lose weight or keep fit.Additionally, cereal bars have various kinds of flavours, and some new flavours add chocolate, fruit and nuts to them, which derive cereal bars more delicious, take children fancy and expand their customers. Customers can find a flavour they like easily in well-rounded.Last but not the least, cereal bars are small and easy to carry, so they are a type of convenience snakes for people. People can put some cereal bars in their bags, they do not need a place and worry about figure when people eat them.According to the forecast report of the convenience foods market in China 2010, traditional life style has universe changed in peoples effortless life, especially among the young people. Due to the uphold and rapid development of economy and sustained acceleration of life tempo, cereal bars will become a new tendency in peoples daily life.7. Barriers to Entry in ChinaMany people believe that the market of import food is broad, not only because that the potential market is huge, but also because that it is blessed with a sharply increasing trend. In addition, the reasons are that the price is not transparent and the price rate is relatively higher than similar interior(prenominal) products which also prove the potentiality of import food. On the contemporary, the economy of China has developed greatly. Therefore peoples requests for food also climb up to a higher level. For i nstance, people tend to eat healthier food instead of junk food.There are two main barriers which has limited the entry of cereal bar into market of china. One is homogenization of markets. It is mainly shown that it lack of market segmentation. In detail, cereal bars aim to attract customers who have middle or high income. Varieties of products from different companies try to seize the same group of customers, which results in that the diversity becomes not apparent. (Hamish, P Marjorie, T., 2001)The other one is homogenization of products. The products from different places have similar sorts and taste.The import food industry in China is facing five challenges in further development. The first is food safety problem, which plays an important part in the development quality of Chinese import food industry. The second is food nutrition and health, which is depended on the development level of Chinese food industry. The third is the creativity, which depends on the characteristic a nd price of Chinese import food. The fourth is the multi-level distribution and the professional tendency, which bring Chinese import food industry lasting competitiveness. The last one is concern on energy saving and environmental protection, which will make a positive influence on the sustainable involvement of Chinese food industry in future.In recent years, not only the milk powder event of Nescafe, but also the poisoned wine of Argentina has demonstrated the greatness of food safety problem. Chinese authority has tried to defend the low quality import food. Furthermore, it is noticeable that China has cooperated with American food society. Under the consequence, several(prenominal) excellent food companies have entered China, and accounted for partial market.Therefore, the barriers to enter China should be paid more attention. It will be a difficult first flavour for well-rounded.8. Marketing StrategyBased on All-around well-known U.S. company, its products mainly for the co nvenience of healthy and nutritious food, and never entered into the Chinese market before. Therefore, the company will be ready to use market research, product improvement, marketing, promotion strategies, public relations and advertising media and other marketing strategies into China with the brand All-around.4Ps analysisProduct As the Americans and the Chinese people have different tastes, just entering the Chinese market in the process, All-around will be continuously canvas for Chinese tastes and improve the products after understanding the Chinese market and Chinese consumers. Only products meet the market demand, All-around can capture the market.Price All-around based on the brand and the cost of entering China, as entering the Chinese market it will choose the same product pricing system, such as Nestle product price. But the All-around will be slightly higher than local price of the same products, making All-around product different from the same kinds of products in Chi na. (Salah, S.H. Roger, D.B., 1994)Place After the analysis of the Chinese food market, such convenience food can be sell in major and medium-sized supermarket, for example Carrefour, Tesco and other large supermarkets. In order for our target customers with marketing and market research, All-around will be selected in the Chinese mainland cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, sold in supermarkets.Promotion The target group of All-around is young women, students and office workers. Such people work longer and have endorsement diet. This just may reflect the advantages of All-around products, not only to facilitate consumption, but also with nutrition. Therefore, All-around chooses the first target to such customers for product promotion.January 2011 All-around first enter the Chinese market products formally entered large supermarkets of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou Carrefour, TescoFebruary 2011 All-around use of public relations advertising exposure, promotional produc ts. Let people know All-around product.March 2011 All-around with the pre-advertising promote to sell. Send sales staff in the supermarket counter, try to eat free of charge to potential customers.In April 2011 in the early process, All-around begin the initial pilot studies to understand customer satisfaction, consumer tastes, and price evaluation. And organized activities for small prizes will pre-purchase All-around maintenance of consumer products and consumers being investigated.In May 2011 with the Chinese custom of the Labour Day pass to take a substantial promotional activities, strive for during the festive season so that more potential consumers about All-around product.2011 June-July All-around to adjust the products taste, and randomly selected survey of potential consumers of food tastesAugust-September 2011 At this point, the official summer holiday consequence the students, All-around will take a new round of promotional activities, for students to accept the All-ar ound product.October 2011 October is National Day, All-around Chinas National Day will be organized with the objective of consumers visit the All-around production base, so that consumers understand the products production process and food safety systems. All-around makes consumers create brand loyalty.2011 Nov-Dec All-around to organize new products into the Chinese market, and carry out public relations advertising, as do the traditional Chinese Lunar New Year holiday early preheating.January-February 2012 in the mainstream media do the brand image advertising, a good brand image. And strive to be traditional Chinese festivals the CCTV Spring Festival blowout sponsors, so that Chinese consumers can understand the All-aroundHold from March to July 2012 All-around into the campus activities, with the Education Bureau in the efforts to All-around a campus partner, the product on the students breakfast, and teach nutrition.From August to December 2012 establish a large sales base, s o that All-around products can capture the Chinese market.From January to June 2013 the Foundation set up health and nutrition of food through the extensive media coverage for the All-around brand to promote.July-December 2012, the introduction of All-around excellent product in the United States to China, and the book raise product prices, occupy the Chinese market9. ConclusionThe product I chose to launch in China is cereal bars. I named the new brand as All-around, one meaning is that it contains full of nutrition. Another meaning suggests customers can enjoy it anywhere and anytime.From the background of Kellogg, it can be seen that the company has generous shekels and a series of products. Cereal bars as a new product will easy to enter Chinese market because the strong brand of Kellogg. The position of cereal bars is convenient and high fibre but low fat. And the target market is young women from 15 to 35 because their life whole tone is fast and attention to keep figure. H owever, there are some barriers for entering Chinese market. Similar market and similar products can not make All-around stand out from other product. Chinese government has formulated more strict rules to restrict import food.In order to launch All-around to Chinese market successfully, a three-year programming have been made in part 8. These are specific and achievable marketing strategies.10. RecommendationsFrom the research All-around cereal bars can be launched in China. Firstly, there is a potential market which can suit the target market of All-around. The nutritional value of cereal bars just meets the pursuit of a healthy diet of young people. And cereal food can be accepted by Chinese customers.Secondly, the competitors in Chinese market are not too much. It can highlight its technical advantages comparing with other small local companies. And as this reason, it does not need to curve price to gain more market.Thirdly, the Chinese snacks market is growing rapidly. The com pound annual growth rate of the market is predicted to be 5.5% in the period 2008-2013. (Marketline, 2009) As a new product, it will have high profits after introduction when it is in the product life-cycle of growth (Kotler, P. Armstrong, G., 1993).Lastly, the company has a well-known brand, as a new brand in the family-brand. The advantage is that the cost of introducing will be less benefit from the recognition and preference of the family name. (Kotler, P. Armstrong, G., 1993)

Advantages Of Technology In International Trade :: Free Essay Writer

Technology plays a major role in international great deal. Databases, overnight delivery and faxes have opened the world mart to not only largercompanies but small ones too. To add to this globalization, companies and evencompetitors are combining and forming alliances to arc cost and increase theprofit margin. Chrysler, General Motors and hybridisation have formed an alliance inresearch and development to avoid duplication. These alliances are not onlywith domestic companies but they in any case go over national lines. Companies arepushing for integration of the world economy in hope for increased profits andgovernments are beginning to listen.Since 1986 (GATT) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade have taken theincitive to move towards the easiness of international trade. GATTmembers agreed to reduce tariff and non-tariff trade barriers. From 1986 to thepresent due to GATTs lead legion(predicate) markets have been open to the United Statesincreasing exports and increasing ef ficiency through competition.One of the most aggressive liberalization groups to follow GATTs leadis APEC (Asian Pacific economical Community). APEC consist of 18 countries thataccount for 1/2 of the worlds output. The three largest economies Japan, Chinaand the United States are members. APEC leaders are committed to achieving freeand open trade for the region by 2010. APEC is moving towards this goal throughmany means including accelerating initial Japanese tariff cuts by 50%. Chinawill also cut a number of tariffs by 30%. Indonesia and other APEC members arealso reducing tariffs sharply. What sets APEX at the head of the pack leadingliberalization is it wiliness to extend benefits of membership to everyone.APEX is willing to extend the benefits of cuts in tariff and non-tariff barriersto all countries willing to make comparable cuts. This is a major incentive forall countries because the Pacific Rim is the fastest growing market in the worldand large profits are to be made ther e.To put these cut in trade barriers in perspective lets look at thecompany Chrysler. Chrysler is introducing a right handed drive version of theneon subcompact to the Japanese consumer. Chrysler plans to sell 4,000 units attheir 200 show rooms. They are hoping for even more success with the righthanded versions of the Voyager and Wrangler which they plan to introduce nextyear. With Japanese subsidizes on exports which lead to a high price onJapanese domestic goods, Chrysler should be very competitive.Liberalism in trade, though progressive vary a lot with area. TheEuropean Union consisting of the countries of western Europe have established afree trade zone between themselves but those areas outside the sum deal with

Free Hamlet Essays: Finding Fault :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Finding Fault in village     The old English is difficult enough to understand when it is all the way spoken in a direct manner, but it is even more difficult when settlement, Prince of Denmark speaks so sarcastically and indirectly. Throughout Shakespeare play, Hamlet is very indirect and speaks in a way that is non easily interpreted by the other characters. It seems as though he never speaks in an honest manner, never disclosing his legitimate thought to anyone. Even if Hamlet ever says something that sound sincere, the audience is non sure of whether it is yet another of Hamlets games, or if he is really telling the truth. The double way that he speaks is however, not the cause of his downfall the actions of all those involved is what causes everyone to either kill or be killed.   In numerous scenes throughout the play, Hamlet uses sharp wit and sarcasm to speak in a way, that confuses the other characters. For example, in Act 2 and Scene 2, with Polon ius and Hamlet, Hamlet is speaking in a very sarcastic and confusing manner to Polonius, but he in turn doesnt notice the meaning of Hamlets words because he just assumes that Hamlet has fore gone(a) crazy, resulting in his awkward speech. In a scene with Hamlet and Ophelia, Hamlet tells her that he never really loved her and that she should get to a nunnery. She believes him, because Hamlet speaks in an honest way however, later at Ophelias funeral we discover that he had lied to her, and that he did really love her.   In his famous to be or not to be silioque, Hamlet is, again, very ambiguous. In this speech, he seeks as though he is contemplating suicide or weather to just keep living. He makes himself suppose like a confused and crazy young man however, he tells Horatio that he is truly not crazy. No one knows what to believe from whom. Hamlet ever so says two things at once, and he then acts in a way, that is completely unpredictable. I think he played crazy to confuse Claudius and Polonius in arrangement to avenge for his fathers death. At the same time that he is playing the mad man, to Claudius, Polonius and his mother, he plays the untruthful and confused boyfriend to Ophelia. No one ever knows what Hamlets square(a) intentions are.Free Hamlet Essays Finding Fault Shakespeare Hamlet Essays Finding Fault in Hamlet     The old English is difficult enough to understand when it is clearly spoken in a direct manner, but it is even more difficult when Hamlet, Prince of Denmark speaks so sarcastically and indirectly. Throughout Shakespeare play, Hamlet is very indirect and speaks in a way that is not easily interpreted by the other characters. It seems as though he never speaks in an honest manner, never disclosing his accepted thought to anyone. Even if Hamlet ever says something that sound sincere, the audience is not sure of whether it is yet another of Hamlets games, or if he is really telling the truth. The ambiguous way tha t he speaks is however, not the cause of his downfall the actions of all those involved is what causes everyone to either kill or be killed.   In numerous scenes throughout the play, Hamlet uses sharp wit and sarcasm to speak in a way, that confuses the other characters. For example, in Act 2 and Scene 2, with Polonius and Hamlet, Hamlet is speaking in a very sarcastic and confusing manner to Polonius, but he in turn doesnt notice the meaning of Hamlets words because he just assumes that Hamlet has gone crazy, resulting in his awkward speech. In a scene with Hamlet and Ophelia, Hamlet tells her that he never really loved her and that she should get to a nunnery. She believes him, because Hamlet speaks in an honest way however, later at Ophelias funeral we discover that he had lied to her, and that he did really love her.   In his famous to be or not to be silioque, Hamlet is, again, very ambiguous. In this speech, he seeks as though he is contemplating suicide or weather t o just keep living. He makes himself fount like a confused and crazy young man however, he tells Horatio that he is truly not crazy. No one knows what to believe from whom. Hamlet forever and a day says two things at once, and he then acts in a way, that is completely unpredictable. I think he played crazy to confuse Claudius and Polonius in distinguish to avenge for his fathers death. At the same time that he is playing the mad man, to Claudius, Polonius and his mother, he plays the untruthful and confused boyfriend to Ophelia. No one ever knows what Hamlets dead on target intentions are.